航空術(shù)語詞典Dictionary of Aeronautical Terms 中

時間：2011-03-11 23:13來源：藍(lán)天飛行翻譯 作者：admin 點(diǎn)擊：次

grommet (protective device). A rubber or plastic ring used to cover the edges of a hole in thin sheet metal. When wires or tubes pass through a hole in a piece of thin sheet metal, the edges of the hole should be protected with a grommet so the sharp metal cannot damage them.
gross thrust (turbine engine specification). The thrust produced by a turbojet or turbofan engine when the engine is static, or not moving. The air is considered to have no inlet velocity, and the velocity of the gas leaving the engine is considered to be the acceleration factor. Gross thrust includes the thrust generated by the momentum of the outgoing gases and the thrust resulting from the difference between static pressure at the nozzle and ambient pressure.
gross weight (aircraft specification). The loaded weight of an aircraft. Gross weight includes the total weight of the aircraft, the weight of the fuel and oil, and the weight of all the load it is carrying.
ground (electrical reference point). A reference point in an electrical system from which all voltage measurements are made. In an aircraft electrical system, the negative terminal of the battery is normally connected to the aircraft structure, and this acts as the ground.
In household and industrial electrical power systems, one lead connects to the earth, which serves as the ground. In the United Kingdom ground is spoken of as “earth.”

ground-adjustable propeller. A type of aircraft propeller whose blade pitch angle can be adjusted when the engine is not running. The adjustment requires loosening the blades in the hub.
ground-boosted engine (reciprocating engines). An aircraft reciprocating engine with a built-in supercharger that boosts the sea-level rated horsepower of the engine.
ground clutter (radar reception). A pattern produced on the radarscope by ground returns which may degrade other radar returns in the affected area.

ground controlled approach. See GCA.
ground crew (aircraft operation). The group of people who service and maintain an aircraft when it is on the ground. The ground crew prepares the aircraft for flight and services it after its return from flight.
ground delay (air traffic control). The amount of delay attributed to ATC, encountered prior to departure, usually associated with a controlled departure time (CDT) program.
grounded-base amplifier (transistor amplifier). See common-base amplifier.
grounded-collector amplifier (transistor amplifier). See common-collector amplifier.
grounded-emitter amplifier (transistor amplifier). See common-emitter amplifier.
ground effect (aerodynamics). An increase in lift of an aerodynamic flying machine (airplane or helicopter) flying very near the ground. This additional lift is caused by an effective increase in angle of attack without the accompanying increase in induced drag and is caused by the deflection of the downwashed air. Ground effect disappears when the flying machine is about a half wing span or half rotor span above the surface.

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