航行情報(bào)手冊 Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 1

時(shí)間：2011-04-18 00:47來源：藍(lán)天飛行翻譯 作者：航空 點(diǎn)擊：次

2.1.6 Airport Lighting Aids
FIG 2.1.9
Runway Status Light System
1.Operating Characteristics . Departing Air-craft:
When a departing aircraft reaches 30 knots, all taxiway intersections with REL arrays along the runway ahead of the aircraft will illuminate (see FIG 2.1.9). As the aircraft approaches a REL equipped taxiway intersection, the lights at that intersection extinguish approximately 2 to 3 seconds before the aircraft reaches it. This allows controllers to apply “anticipated separation” to permit ATC to move traffic more expeditiously without comprom-ising safety. After the aircraft is declared “airborne” by the system, all lights will extinguish.
2.Operating Characteristics . Arriving Air-craft:
When an aircraft on final approach is approximately 1 mile from the runway threshold all sets of REL light arrays along the runway will illuminate. The distance is adjustable and can be configured for specific operations at particular airports. Lights extinguish at each equipped taxiway intersection approximately 2 to 3 seconds before the aircraft reaches it to apply anticipated separation until the aircraft has slowed to approximately 80 knots (site adjustable parameter). Below 80 knots, all arrays that are not within 30 seconds of the aircraft’s forward path are extinguished. Once the arriving aircraft slows to approximately 34 knots (site adjustable parameter), it is declared to be in a taxi state, and all lights extinguish.
3.What a pilot would observe: A pilot at or approaching the hold line to a runway will observe REL illumination and extinguishing in reaction to an aircraft or vehicle operating on the runway, or an arriving aircraft operating less than 1 mile from the runway threshold.
4.Whenever a pilot observes the red lights of the REL, that pilot will stop at the hold line, or along the taxiway path and remain stopped. The pilot will then contact ATC for resolution if the clearance is in conflict with the lights. Should pilots note illuminated lights under circumstances when remain-ing clear of the runway is impractical for safety reasons (i.e., aircraft is already on the runway), the crew should proceed according to their best judgment while understanding the illuminated lights indicate
Airport Lighting Aids 2.1.7
the runway is unsafe to enter or cross. Contact ATC at the earliest possible opportunity.
c. Takeoff Hold Lights (THL): The THL system is composed of in.pavement, unidirectional fixtures in a double longitudinal row aligned either side of the runway centerline lighting. Fixtures are focused toward the arrival end of the runway at the “position and hold” point, and they extend for 1,500 feet in front of the holding aircraft (see FIG 2.1.9). Illuminated red lights provide a signal, to an aircraft in position for takeoff or rolling, that it is unsafe to takeoff because the runway is occupied or about to be occupied by another aircraft or ground vehicle. Two aircraft, or a surface vehicle and an aircraft, are required for the lights to illuminate. The departing aircraft must be in position for takeoff or beginning takeoff roll. Another aircraft or a surface vehicle must be on or about to cross the runway.
1. Operating Characteristics . Departing Air-craft:
THLs will illuminate for an aircraft in position for departure or departing when there is another aircraft or vehicle on the runway or about to enter the runway (see FIG 2.1.9.) Once that aircraft or vehicle exits the runway, the THLs extinguish. A pilot may notice lights extinguish prior to the downfield aircraft or vehicle being completely clear of the runway but still moving. Like RELs, THLs have an “anticipated separation” feature.
NOTE.
When the THLs extinguish, this is not clearance to begin a takeoff roll. All takeoff clearances will be issued by ATC.
2.What a pilot would observe: A pilot in position to depart from a runway, or has begun takeoff roll, will observe THL illumination in reaction to an aircraft or vehicle on the runway or about to enter or cross it. Lights will extinguish when the runway is clear. A pilot may observe several cycles of illumination and extinguishing depending on the amount of crossing traffic.
3.Whenever a pilot observes the red lights of the THLs, the pilot will stop or remain stopped. The pilot will contact ATC for resolution if any clearance is in conflict with the lights. Should pilots note illuminated lights while in takeoff roll and under circumstances when stopping is impractical for safety reasons, the crew should proceed according to their best judgment while understanding the illuminated
lights indicate that continuing the takeoff is unsafe. Contact ATC at the earliest possible opportunity.
d. The Final Approach Runway Occupancy Signal (FAROS) is activated by flashing of the Precision Approach Path Indicator (PAPI) (see FIG 2-1-9). When activated, the light fixtures of the PAPI flash or pulse to indicate to the pilot on an approach that the runway is occupied and that it may be unsafe to land.
1. Operating Characteristics:
If an aircraft or surface vehicle occupies a FAROS equipped runway, the PAPI(s) on that runway will flash or pulse. The glide path indication will not be affected, and the allotment of red and white PAPI lights observed by the pilot on approach will not change. Some FAROS systems will flash or pulse the PAPI when traffic enters the runway whether or not there is an aircraft on approach. Others will flash the PAPI only if there is an aircraft on approach and within 1.5 nautical miles of the landing threshold.
2.What a pilot would observe: A pilot on approach to the runway will observe the PAPI flash or pulse if there is traffic on the runway and will notice the PAPI ceases to flash or pulse when the traffic moves outside the hold short lines for the runway.
3.Whenever a pilot observes a flashing or pulsing PAPI, the pilot will verify the FAROS activation. At 500 feet above ground level (AGL), the pilot must look for and acquire the traffic on the runway. At 300 feet AGL, the pilot must contact ATC for resolution if the clearance is in conflict with the FAROS indication. If the PAPI continues to flash or pulse, the pilot must execute an immediate “go around” and contact ATC at the earliest possible opportunity.

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