時間：2011-04-18 00:47來源：藍天飛行翻譯 作者：航空 點擊：次
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3.The pilot.in.command has the final authority to accept or decline any land and hold short clearance. The safety and operation of the AIM aircraft remain the responsibility of the pilot. Pilots are expected to decline a LAHSO clearance if they determine it will compromise safety. 4. To conduct LAHSO, pilots should become familiar with all available information concerning LAHSO at their destination airport. Pilots should have, readily available, the published ALD and runway slope information for all LAHSO runway combinations at each airport of intended landing. Additionally, knowledge about landing performance data permits the pilot to readily determine that the ALD for the assigned runway is sufficient for safe LAHSO. As part of a pilot’s preflight planning process, pilots should determine if their destination airport has LAHSO. If so, their preflight planning process should include an assessment of which LAHSO combinations would work for them given their aircraft’s required landing distance. Good pilot decision making is knowing in advance whether one can accept a LAHSO clearance if offered. FIG 4.3.4 Land and Hold Short of an Intersecting Runway EXAMPLE. FIG 4.3.6 . holding short at a designated point may be required to avoid conflicts with the runway safety area/flight path of a nearby runway. NOTE. Each figure shows the approximate location of LAHSO markings, signage, and in.pavement lighting when installed. REFERENCE. AIM, Chapter 2, Aeronautical Lighting and Other Airport Visual Aids. Airport Operations 4.3.9 FIG 4.3.5 Land and Hold Short of an Intersecting Taxiway FIG 4.3.6 Land and Hold Short of a Designated Point on a Runway Other Than an Intersecting Runway or Taxiway 5. If, for any reason, such as difficulty in discerning the location of a LAHSO intersection, wind conditions, aircraft condition, etc., the pilot elects to request to land on the full length of the runway, to land on another runway, or to decline LAHSO, a pilot is expected to promptly inform air traffic, ideally even before the clearance is issued. A LAHSO clearance, once accepted, must be adhered to, just as any other ATC clearance, unless an amended clearance is obtained or an emergency occurs. A LAHSO clearance does not preclude a rejected landing. 6.A pilot who accepts a LAHSO clearance should land and exit the runway at the first convenient taxiway (unless directed otherwise) before reaching the hold short point. Otherwise, the pilot must stop and hold at the hold short point. If a rejected landing becomes necessary after accepting a LAHSO clearance, the pilot should maintain safe separa-tion from other aircraft or vehicles, and should promptly notify the controller. 7.Controllers need a full read back of all LAHSO clearances. Pilots should read back their LAHSO clearance and include the words, “HOLD SHORT OF (RUNWAY/TAXIWAY/OR POINT)” in their acknowledgment of all LAHSO clearances. In order to reduce frequency congestion, pilots are encouraged to read back the LAHSO clearance without prompting. Don’t make the controller have to ask for a read back! c. LAHSO Situational Awareness 1.Situational awareness is vital to the success of LAHSO. Situational awareness starts with having current airport information in the cockpit, readily accessible to the pilot. (An airport diagram assists pilots in identifying their location on the airport, thus reducing requests for “progressive taxi instructions” from controllers.)2. Situational awareness includes effective pilot.controller radio communication. ATC expects pilots to specifically acknowledge and read back all LAHSO clearances as follows: EXAMPLE. ATC: “(Aircraft ID) cleared to land runway six right, hold short of taxiway bravo for crossing traffic (type aircraft).” Aircraft: “(Aircraft ID), wilco, cleared to land runway six right to hold short of taxiway bravo.” ATC: “(Aircraft ID) cross runway six right at taxiway bravo, landing aircraft will hold short.” Aircraft: “(Aircraft ID), wilco, cross runway six right at bravo, landing traffic (type aircraft) to hold.” 3.For those airplanes flown with two crew-members, effective intra.cockpit communication between cockpit crewmembers is also critical. There have been several instances where the pilot working the radios accepted a LAHSO clearance but then simply forgot to tell the pilot flying the aircraft. 4.3.10 Airport Operations 4.Situational awareness also includes a thor-ough understanding of the airport markings, signage, and lighting associated with LAHSO. These visual aids consist of a three.part system of yellow hold.short markings, red and white signage and, in certain cases, in.pavement lighting. Visual aids assist the pilot in determining where to hold short. FIG 4.3.4, FIG 4.3.5, FIG 4.3.6 depict how these markings, signage, and lighting combinations will appear once installed. Pilots are cautioned that not all airports conducting LAHSO have installed any or all of the above markings, signage, or lighting. 5.Pilots should only receive a LAHSO clearance when there is a minimum ceiling of 1,000 feet and 3 statute miles visibility. The intent of having “basic” VFR weather conditions is to allow pilots to maintain visual contact with other aircraft and ground vehicle operations. Pilots should consider the effects of prevailing inflight visibility (such as landing into the sun) and how it may affect overall situational awareness. Additionally, surface vehicles and aircraft being taxied by maintenance personnel may also be participating in LAHSO, especially in those operations that involve crossing an active runway. 4.3.12. Low Approach a.A low approach (sometimes referred to as a low pass) is the go-around maneuver following an approach. Instead of landing or making a touch-and-go, a pilot may wish to go around (low approach) in order to expedite a particular operation (a series of practice instrument approaches is an example of such an operation). Unless otherwise authorized by ATC, the low approach should be made straight ahead, with no turns or climb made until the pilot has made a thorough visual check for other aircraft in the area. |
