時間：2015-01-22 15:14來源：藍天飛行翻譯公司 作者：民航翻譯 點擊：次
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To view this page ensure that Adobe Flash Player version 9.0.124 or greater is installed. (c) Prior to authorizing an alternative means of compliance that permits an Approved Training Organization to conduct training, which does not meet the normal prescribed experience requirements, the Authority shall ensure that the approved training programme provides a level of competency at least equal to that provided by the minimum experience requirements for personnel not receiving such approved special curricula. (d) Part 3 prescribes the requirements for certifying and administering Approved Training Organisations for conducting approved training. (e) Competency-based approved training for aircraft maintenance personnel shall be conducted within an approved training organisation. Note 1: See ICAO Document 7192 Part B-5 and Doc 9379 for details on training. Comprehensive training schemes for the aircraft maintenance technician licence and the multi-crew pilot licence, including the various levels of competency, are contained in the Procedures for Air Navigation Services – Training, ICAO Doc 9868, PANS-TRG). Note 2: Personnel approving MPL programmes or assessing training delivery and student performance need to be appropriately trained because of several new concepts underpinning the licence. This is discussed in greater detail in ICAO Document 9841, Manual on the Approval of Training Organisations. ICAO Annex 1: 1.2.8.1; 1.2.8.2, 1.2.8.3, Appendix 2,:Appendix 4 ICAO Document 9841 14 CFR: 141, 142. 147 JAR-FCL 1/2/4.055; 147 2.2.5.3 USE OF FLIGHT SIMULATION TRAINING DEVICES (a) Except as specified in paragraph (b) of this subsection, no airman may receive credit for use of any flight simulation training device for satisfying any training, testing, or checking requirement of this part unless that flight simulator or flight training device is approved by the Authority for— (b) The training, testing, and checking for which it is used; (c) Each particular manoeuvre, procedure, or crewmember function performed; and (d) The representation of the specific category and class of aircraft, type of aircraft, particular variation within the type of aircraft, or set of aircraft for certain flight training devices. (e) The flight simulation training device shall have the same technology for the basic flight instruments (attitude indicator, airspeed, altimeter, and heading reference) as those of the aircraft used by the operator. (f) Operators that have electronic/glass displays shall use simulators that have electronic/glass displays. (g) Operators that have standard instruments shall use simulators that have standard instruments. (h) Operators shall not conduct differences training on variant training on aircraft that have electronic glass displays with aircraft that have standard instruments. (i) The Authority may approve a device other than a flight simulation training device for specific purposes. (j) The use of a flight simulation training device for performing training, testing and checking for which a flight crewmember is to receive credit, shall be approved by the Authority, which shall ensure that the flight simulation training device is appropriate to the task. Note: See ICAO Doc 9625, Manual of Criteria for the Qualification of Flight Simulation Training Devices. ICAO Annex 1: 1.2.5.1.1, 2.1.6, 3.3.1.4.1 ICAO Annex 6, Part I: 9.2; 9.3.1 ICAO Annex Part III, Section III: 7.2; 7.3.1 14 CFR: 61.1, 61.4, 63 subpart B JAR-FCL 1.240, 1.245 & App.,1/2/4.005, 1/2/4.025 2.2.5.4 KNOWLEDGE AND SKILL TESTS AND CHECKS: TIME, PLACE, DESIGNATED PERSONS AND FORMAT (a) Knowledge and Skill Tests and Checks prescribed by or under Part 2 are given at times, places, and by persons authorised and designated by the Authority. (b) The knowledge test will be performed in written or computer format, except for the knowledge test for an instructor licence or an additional instructor rating within the same aircraft category, which may be performed orally. (c) In addition to the written knowledge test, candidates may be questioned orally during the skill test, as appropriate. 14 CFR: 61.33 JAR-FCL 1/2/4.030 2.2.5.5 KNOWLEDGE AND SKILL TESTS AND CHECKS—PREREQUISITES, PASSING GRADES AND RETESTING AFTER FAILURE (a) An applicant for a knowledge test or a skill test shall have received any required endorsement as specified in this Part for the applicable licence, rating or authorisation to show that the applicant has met the training and/or experience requirements to take the knowledge or skill test. Note: The endorsement requirements may differ between licences and will appear in each licence section in Part 2 as applicable. (b) An applicant for a knowledge or skill test shall receive written authorisation from the Authority to take, or retake, the test. (c) An applicant shall show proper identification in the form of a Government issued identification document at the time of application that contains the applicant’s: (1) Photograph; (2) Signature; (3) Date of birth, which shows the applicant meets or will meet the age requirements of Part 2 for the licence sought before the expiration date of the airman knowledge test report; and (4) Actual residential address, if different from the applicant’s mailing address. (d) The Authority will specify the minimum passing grades. (e) An applicant shall, before attempting the skill test for a licence or rating: (1) Have passed the required knowledge test within the 24 calendar-month period preceding the month the applicant successfully completes the skill test; or (2) If an applicant for an ATPL has passed the ATP knowledge test within a period of 7 years before successfully completing the ATP skill test, provided that the applicant is, and has been continuously, employed as a flight crewmember by a certificate holder under Part 9 at the time of the ATP skill test; and (f) When an applicant is required to provide an aircraft for a skill test, it must: (1) be airworthy and certificated; (2) be capable of performing all areas of operation appropriate to the rating sought and have no operating limitations, which prohibit its use in any of the areas of operation, required for the skill test. (3) not have operating limitations that prohibit the tasks required for the skill test, (4) be of national, foreign or military registry of the same category, class, and type if applicable, for the licence and/or rating for which the applicant is applying, with appropriate letter of authorisation for aircraft use in a skill test if applicant is not the owner of the foreign registered or military aircraft; (5) have (i) fully functioning dual controls; (ii) at least two pilot stations with adequate visibility for each person to operator the aircraft safety; (iii) cockpit and outside visibility adequate to evaluate the performance of the applicant when an additional jump seat is provided for the examiner. (g) If the applicant is required to take a segmented skill test using a flight simulation training device and an aircraft, the flight simulation training device must be approved by the authority. (h) Retesting after failure of a test. (1) An applicant for a knowledge or skill test who fails that test may reapply to retake the test only after the applicant has received: (2) The necessary training from an authorised instructor who has determined that the applicant is proficient to pass the test; and (3) An endorsement from an authorised instructor who gave the applicant the additional training. (4) An applicant for a flight instructor licence with an aeroplane category rating or, for a flight instructor licence with a glider category rating, who has failed the skill test due to deficiencies in instructional proficiency on stall awareness, spin entry, spins, or spin recovery shall— (5) Comply with the requirements of paragraph (f)(1) of this subsection before being retested; (6) Bring an aircraft to the retest that is of the appropriate aircraft category for the rating sought and is certified for spins; and (7) Demonstrate satisfactory instructional proficiency on stall awareness, spin entry, spins, and spin recovery to an examiner during the retest. ICAO Annex 1: 2.1.1.3.1; 3.1.1.1; 4.1.2 ICAO Doc: 9379, Part 2 Chapter 4: 4.2.3; 4.3.3 14 CFR: 61.35; 61.39; 61.45; 61.49 JAR-FCL .1/2: 480 2.2.5.6 RELIANCE ON TRAINING AND TESTING IN ANOTHER CONTRACTING STATE (a) The Authority may rely on the training and/or testing system administered by another Contracting State as the basis for its own approved training curriculum, including the administration of written and/or skill test requirements for airman licences provided that the Authority has an agreement with the other Contracting State whose training and/or testing system is used. (b) The applicant shall apply for and receive written approval from the Authority prior to receiving training and/or testing in a system administered by another Contracting State ICAO Annex 1: 1.2, Note 1 ICAO Doc 9376, Chapter 4: 4.12.3 2.2.6 INSTRUCTOR REQUIREMENTS—GENERAL (a) All applicants for instructor licences and ratings or authorisations shall, in addition to specific requirements contained in this Part, have received and logged training from an authorised instructor on the fundamentals of instructing and have passed a knowledge test on the following areas of instructing: (1) Techniques of applied instruction; (2) Assessment of student performance in those subjects in which ground instruction is given; (3) The learning process; (4) Elements of effective teaching; (5) Student evaluation and testing, training philosophies; (6) Training programme development; (7) Lesson planning (8) Classroom instructional techniques; |
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