航行情報(bào)手冊(cè) Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 3

時(shí)間：2011-04-18 00:52來(lái)源：藍(lán)天飛行翻譯 作者：航空 點(diǎn)擊：次

VERTICAL NAVIGATION (VNAV)– A function of area navigation (RNAV) equipment which calculates, displays, and provides vertical guidance to a profile or path.
VERTICAL SEPARATION. Separation established by assignment of different altitudes or flight levels.
(See SEPARATION.)(See ICAO term VERTICAL SEPARATION.)VERTICAL SEPARATION [ICAO]. Separation between aircraft expressed in units of vertical distance.
VERTICAL TAKEOFF AND LANDING AIR-CRAFT. Aircraft capable of vertical climbs and/or descents and of using very short runways or small areas for takeoff and landings. These aircraft include, but are not limited to, helicopters.
(See SHORT TAKEOFF AND LANDING
AIRCRAFT.)VERY HIGH FREQUENCY. The frequency band between 30 and 300 MHz. Portions of this band, 108 to 118 MHz, are used for certain NAVAIDs; 118 to 136 MHz are used for civil air/ground voice communications. Other frequencies in this band are used for purposes not related to air traffic control.
VERY HIGH FREQUENCY OMNIDIRECTION-AL RANGE STATION.
(See VOR.)VERY LOW FREQUENCY. The frequency band between 3 and 30 kHz.
VFR.
(See VISUAL FLIGHT RULES.)VFR AIRCRAFT. An aircraft conducting flight in accordance with visual flight rules.
(See VISUAL FLIGHT RULES.)VFR CONDITIONS. Weather conditions equal to or better than the minimum for flight under visual flight rules. The term may be used as an ATC clearance/instruction only when:
a.An IFR aircraft requests a climb/descent in VFR conditions.
b.The clearance will result in noise abatement benefits where part of the IFR departure route does not conform to an FAA approved noise abatement route or altitude.
c.A pilot has requested a practice instrument approach and is not on an IFR flight plan.
Note: All pilots receiving this authorization must comply with the VFR visibility and distance from cloud criteria in 14 CFR Part 91. Use of the term does not relieve controllers of their responsibility to separate aircraft in Class B and Class C airspace or TRSAs as required by FAAO JO 7110.65. When
PCG V.1
used as an ATC clearance/instruction, the term may be abbreviated “VFR;” e.g., “MAINTAIN VFR,” “CLIMB/DESCEND VFR,” etc.
VFR FLIGHT.
(See VFR AIRCRAFT.)VFR MILITARY TRAINING ROUTES. Routes used by the Department of Defense and associated Reserve and Air Guard units for the purpose of conducting low-altitude navigation and tactical training under VFR below 10,000 feet MSL at airspeeds in excess of 250 knots IAS.
VFR NOT RECOMMENDED. An advisory provided by a flight service station to a pilot during a preflight or inflight weather briefing that flight under visual flight rules is not recommended. To be given when the current and/or forecast weather conditions are at or below VFR minimums. It does not abrogate the pilot’s authority to make his/her own decision.
VFR-ON-TOP. ATC authorization for an IFR aircraft to operate in VFR conditions at any appropriate VFR altitude (as specified in 14 CFR and as restricted by ATC). A pilot receiving this authorization must comply with the VFR visibility, distance from cloud criteria, and the minimum IFR altitudes specified in 14 CFR Part 91. The use of this term does not relieve controllers of their responsibil-ity to separate aircraft in Class B and Class C airspace or TRSAs as required by FAAO JO 7110.65.
VFR TERMINAL AREA CHARTS.
(See AERONAUTICAL CHART.)VFR WAYPOINT.
(See WAYPOINT.)VHF.
(See VERY HIGH FREQUENCY.)VHF OMNIDIRECTIONAL RANGE/TACTICAL AIR NAVIGATION.
(See VORTAC.)VIDEO MAP. An electronically displayed map on the radar display that may depict data such as airports, heliports, runway centerline extensions, hospital emergency landing areas, NAVAIDs and fixes, reporting points, airway/route centerlines, bound-aries, handoff points, special use tracks, obstructions, prominent geographic features, map alignment indicators, range accuracy marks, minimum vector-ing altitudes.
VISIBILITY. The ability, as determined by atmospheric conditions and expressed in units of distance, to see and identify prominent unlighted objects by day and prominent lighted objects by night. Visibility is reported as statute miles, hundreds of feet or meters.
(Refer to 14 CFR Part 91.)(Refer to AIM.)a.Flight Visibility. The average forward horizon-tal distance, from the cockpit of an aircraft in flight, at which prominent unlighted objects may be seen and identified by day and prominent lighted objects may be seen and identified by night.
b.Ground Visibility. Prevailing horizontal visi-bility near the earth’s surface as reported by the United States National Weather Service or an accredited observer.
c.Prevailing Visibility. The greatest horizontal visibility equaled or exceeded throughout at least half the horizon circle which need not necessarily be continuous.
d.Runway Visibility Value (RVV). The visibility determined for a particular runway by a transmis-someter. A meter provides a continuous indication of the visibility (reported in miles or fractions of miles) for the runway. RVV is used in lieu of prevailing visibility in determining minimums for a particular runway.
e.Runway Visual Range (RVR). An instrumen-tally derived value, based on standard calibrations, that represents the horizontal distance a pilot will see down the runway from the approach end. It is based on the sighting of either high intensity runway lights or on the visual contrast of other targets whichever yields the greater visual range. RVR, in contrast to prevailing or runway visibility, is based on what a pilot in a moving aircraft should see looking down the runway. RVR is horizontal visual range, not slant visual range. It is based on the measurement of a transmissometer made near the touchdown point of the instrument runway and is reported in hundreds of feet. RVR is used in lieu of RVV and/or prevailing visibility in determining minimums for a particular runway.

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