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航行情報(bào)手冊(cè) Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 3

時(shí)間：2011-04-18 00:52來(lái)源：藍(lán)天飛行翻譯 作者：航空 點(diǎn)擊：次

(See Class A AIRSPACE.)(Refer to 14 CFR Part 71.)JET STREAM. A migrating stream of high-speed winds present at high altitudes.
JETTISONING OF EXTERNAL STORES. Air-borne release of external stores; e.g., tiptanks, ordnance.
(See FUEL DUMPING.)(Refer to 14 CFR Part 91.)JOINT USE RESTRICTED AREA.
(See RESTRICTED AREA.)PCG J.1
K
KNOWN TRAFFIC. With respect to ATC clear-ances, means aircraft whose altitude, position, and intentions are known to ATC.
PCG K.1
L
LAA.
(See LOCAL AIRPORT ADVISORY.)LAAS.
(See LOW ALTITUDE ALERT SYSTEM.)LAHSO. An acronym for “Land and Hold Short Operation.” These operations include landing and holding short of an intersecting runway, a taxiway, a predetermined point, or an approach/departure flightpath.
LAHSO-DRY. Land and hold short operations on runways that are dry.
LAHSO-WET. Land and hold short operations on runways that are wet (but not contaminated).
LAND AND HOLD SHORT OPERATIONS. Operations which include simultaneous takeoffs and landings and/or simultaneous landings when a landing aircraft is able and is instructed by the controller to hold-short of the intersecting runway/ taxiway or designated hold-short point. Pilots are expected to promptly inform the controller if the hold short clearance cannot be accepted.
(See PARALLEL RUNWAYS.)(Refer to AIM.)LANDING AREA. Any locality either on land, water, or structures, including airports/heliports and intermediate landing fields, which is used, or intended to be used, for the landing and takeoff of aircraft whether or not facilities are provided for the shelter, servicing, or for receiving or discharging passengers or cargo.
(See ICAO term LANDING AREA.)LANDING AREA [ICAO]. That part of a movement area intended for the landing or take-off of aircraft.
LANDING DIRECTION INDICATOR. A device which visually indicates the direction in which landings and takeoffs should be made.
(See TETRAHEDRON.)(Refer to AIM.)LANDING DISTANCE AVAILABLE [ICAO]. The length of runway which is declared available and suitable for the ground run of an aeroplane landing.
LANDING MINIMUMS. The minimum visibility prescribed for landing a civil aircraft while using an instrument approach procedure. The minimum applies with other limitations set forth in 14 CFR Part 91 with respect to the Minimum Descent Altitude (MDA) or Decision Height (DH) prescribed in the instrument approach procedures as follows:
a.Straight-in landing minimums. A statement of MDA and visibility, or DH and visibility, required for a straight-in landing on a specified runway, or
b.Circling minimums. A statement of MDA and visibility required for the circle-to-land maneuver.
Note: Descent below the established MDA or DH is not authorized during an approach unless the aircraft is in a position from which a normal approach to the runway of intended landing can be made and adequate visual reference to required visual cues is maintained.
(See CIRCLE-TO-LAND MANEUVER.)(See DECISION HEIGHT.)(See INSTRUMENT APPROACH
PROCEDURE.)(See MINIMUM DESCENT ALTITUDE.)(See STRAIGHT-IN LANDING.)(See VISIBILITY.)(Refer to 14 CFR Part 91.)LANDING ROLL. The distance from the point of touchdown to the point where the aircraft can be brought to a stop or exit the runway.
LANDING SEQUENCE. The order in which aircraft are positioned for landing.
(See APPROACH SEQUENCE.)LAST ASSIGNED ALTITUDE. The last altitude/ flight level assigned by ATC and acknowledged by the pilot.
(See MAINTAIN.)(Refer to 14 CFR Part 91.)LATERAL NAVIGATION (LNAV)– A function of area navigation (RNAV) equipment which calculates, displays, and provides lateral guidance to a profile or path.
LATERAL SEPARATION. The lateral spacing of aircraft at the same altitude by requiring operation on different routes or in different geographical locations.
(See SEPARATION.)PCG L.1
LDA.
(See LOCALIZER TYPE DIRECTIONAL AID.) (See ICAO Term LANDING DISTANCE AVAILABLE.)LF.
(See LOW FREQUENCY.)LIGHTED AIRPORT. An airport where runway and obstruction lighting is available.
(See AIRPORT LIGHTING.)(Refer to AIM.)LIGHT GUN. A handheld directional light signaling device which emits a brilliant narrow beam of white, green, or red light as selected by the tower controller. The color and type of light transmitted can be used to approve or disapprove anticipated pilot actions where radio communication is not available. The light gun is used for controlling traffic operating in the vicinity of the airport and on the airport movement area.
(Refer to AIM.)LOCAL AIRPORT ADVISORY (LAA). A service provided by facilities, which are located on the landing airport, have a discrete ground.to.air communication frequency or the tower frequency when the tower is closed, automated weather reporting with voice broadcasting, and a continuous ASOS/AWOS data display, other continuous direct reading instruments, or manual observations avail-able to the specialist.
(See AIRPORT ADVISORY AREA.)LOCAL TRAFFIC. Aircraft operating in the traffic pattern or within sight of the tower, or aircraft known to be departing or arriving from flight in local practice areas, or aircraft executing practice instrument approaches at the airport.
(See TRAFFIC PATTERN.)LOCALIZER. The component of an ILS which provides course guidance to the runway.
(See INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM.)(See ICAO term LOCALIZER COURSE.)(Refer to AIM.)LOCALIZER COURSE [ICAO]. The locus of points, in any given horizontal plane, at which the DDM (difference in depth of modulation) is zero.
LOCALIZER OFFSET. An angular offset of the localizer from the runway extended centerline in a direction away from the no transgression zone (NTZ) that increases the normal operating zone (NOZ) width. An offset requires a 50 foot increase in DH and is not authorized for CAT II and CAT III approaches.

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