(1) the navigation system compute and display the airplane’s position and movement over the earth’s surface. The navigation systems include the following main subsystems:
.  ADF automatic direction finder — ADF system provide a display of the relative bearing to a selected ground transmitter.

.  VOR/ILS(very high frequency omnirange/instrument landing system)— this system provide displays of relative and magnetic bearing to a selected

VOR station and deviation from a preselected course. When truned to an ILS frequency, the system provides a display of the lateral and vertical deviation from the optimum landing path.

.  
DOM(distance measuring equipment) —DME system measures the slant range distance to the selected DME facility.

.  
ATC (air traffic control)— ATC system transmits airplane identification and altitude data to a ground facility.

.  
ADS (air data system)— ADS system measures pitot and static pressure and total air temperature and computes various air data parameters.

.  
IRS(inertial reference system)— this system provides outputs of key navigation parameters such as heading, attitude, and airplane present position.

.  
EFIS(electronic flight instrument system )— this system providesdisplays of information from various airplane systems.

.  
WXR(weather radar) —this system provides a display of the weather conditions forward of the airplane, and can also provide a map display.

.  
LRRA(low range radio altimeter)— this system measures the absolute height of the airplane above the earth’s surface.

.  
GPWS(ground proximity warning system)— this system uses inputs from other systems to navigatee the airplane and provide optimization of the flight plan.

.  
FMCS(flight management computer system)— this system provides the pitot with aural and visual warning of an unsafe flight path relative to the earth’s surface.

.  
MKR BCN(marker beacon ) —this system provides an indication when the airpnale is passing over a specific position.

.  
TCAS(traffic alert and collision avoidance system)— this system provides the pitots with warnings and advisories of unsafe flight conditions with regard to other airplanes operating in the area.

. 導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)計(jì)算并顯示飛機(jī)的位置及其在地球表面的移動(dòng)。導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)包括下列子系統(tǒng)：

. 自動(dòng)定向機(jī)——此系統(tǒng)提供一個(gè)相對(duì)一個(gè)選定的地面發(fā)射臺(tái)的相對(duì)方位角顯示。